Rotator Cuff Tear
Definition
Tendons connect muscles to bone. There are four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor) that surround the shoulder joint. These four muscles are attached to the shoulder blade. They turn into tendons, which in turn attach to the arm. The tendons of these four muscles make up the "rotator cuff" that blends into and helps support the shoulder joint capsule. The muscles of the rotator cuff and their tendons provide stability to the shoulder joint, the most mobile joint in the body.
When the rotator cuff becomes injured or torn, it is described as a rotator cuff tear. These tears may be classified as partial-thickness tears or full-thickness tears. A partial thickness rotator cuff tear is the term used when the tendon is not completely torn. A full-thickness rotator cuff tear is the term used when the tendon is completely torn.
Mechanism of Injury
A rotator cuff tear may occur suddenly or develop gradually. Sudden rotator cuff tears usually occur during falls or while lifting heavy objects. A rotator cuff tear may develop gradually for a variety of reasons, including:
- Repetitive overhead lifting.
- Degeneration of the rotator cuff due to aging.
- Poor blood supply to the rotator cuff.
- Narrowing of the space between the humerus and the acromion (subacromial arch). This can cause progressive "fraying" of the rotator cuff.
Symptoms:
People with a rotator cuff tear may complain of any of the following:
- Pain in the shoulder during lifting and with overhead activities.
- Pain in the shoulder at night or while sleeping.
- Weakness in the shoulder, especially when attempting to lift the arm.
- Catching, grating or cracking sounds in the shoulder when the arm is moved.
- Limited motion.
Physical Therapy Intervention
Rec Center Physical Therapy can be the first line of defense for those suffering from a rotator cuff tear by offering a program of stretching and strengthening exercises, icing, pain medications, or anti-inflammatory medications may decrease pain and improve function of the shoulder. Partial thickness tears usually respond to this type of treatment in physical therapy.


