AC Joint Separation
Definition
An AC joint separation occurs when the ligaments that stabilize the collar bone to the shoulder blade are injured or torn. As a result the collar bone can be displaced (moved) upwards. This condition is commonly known as a shoulder separation.
Mechanism of Injury
Injuries to the AC joint are usually caused by a direct blow to the shoulder. Traumatic contact from the side or from above the shoulder can tear the AC ligaments. Hockey players and football players commonly injure this joint when they make contact with the boards, ground or an opponent with their shoulder striking first.
Injuries to the AC joint can also be caused by overstressing the joint with heavy weightlifting (i.e. deep bench-press techniques). This mechanism of injury is rare.
Symptoms
Immediately following an AC joint separation there is usually pain and swelling on the top of the shoulder. Depending on the severity of the injury, there may be some visible displacement of the clavicle.
Activities such as pushing and pulling, reaching overhead and across the body will usually create pain in an acutely (recently) separated AC joint. Over time (usually 6 - 8 weeks or more) there may be little pain associated with an AC joint separation.
Physical Therapy Intervention
Rec Center Physical Therapy can be the first line of defense for those suffering from an AC joint separation. Treatment immediately following AC joint separations may include an arm sling, icing, taping, pain medications and rest. As the symptoms improve a range of motion and strengthening program, as recommended by a physical therapist, may begin. Individuals returning to sport can benefit from padding (a doughnut pad) over the AC joint to help protect the joint.